Bolt-heading machine



June 25, 1929. w. WARD BOLT READING MACHINE Filed March 15, 1924 6 Sheets-Sheet INVENTOR I w v ATTORNEY ..1 m U1? .1. wh /fl f! INVENTOR mmx, MM

, BY MM #4 4 M ATTORNEY June 25, I929. w, W D 1,718,265

BOLT HEADING MACHINE Filed March 13. 1924 5 et 5 7 Ill[IIIIIIIII/IIIIIIIIIII m I Iu(quill/1111010111111 a. E

INVENTOR MW 6.

A TORNEY June 25, 1929. w. WARD BbLT HEADING MACHINE 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed March 15 INVENTOR BY M, Q MM ATTORNEY June 25, 1929. w. L. WARD BOLT HEADING MACHINE 6. Sheets-Sheet Filed March 13, 1924 INVENTOR Vu/QwLa/M M BY I - ATTORNEY June 25, 1929. w. L. WARD BOLT HEADING MACHINE 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 INVENTOR Mot/L00 u/ M ATTORNEY BY (Zuw,

llllll Filed March 15 1924 aw g Q Patented Jane 1929.

l l li l,'ll8,265

WILLIAM L'UKENS WARD, OF 1 0. 33. CHESTER, NEW YORK.

BGLT-HEADING MACHINE.

Application filed March 13, 1924. Serial No. 698,852.

This invention relates to power actuated punching machines adapted for working on in: 'es of strong metal with powerful effect and repeatedly to develop great force and apply it to give shape and specific dimension to metal bolt blanks automatically supplied for its application. It has been found that the invention is of far reaching importance in the domain bolt heading machines especially in that, by its utilization, the speed of such machines may be increased far beyond the practical speed of standard bolt heading machines for similar work, and is limited, if at all, practically only by the character of the material operated upon; the present invention realizing a quietly and smoothly running powerful bolt header capable of efficiently operating at greatly increased speed and for any practical period and minimizing, if not eliminating, the objectionable vibration and inertia attendant on prior machines; eliminating muca of the dc ay and inconvenience associated with the operation of prior bolt heading machines at any practical speed, and lending itself to more rapid and more practical obviation of such small delay or inconvenience as may be encountered.

The invention is illustrated as embodied in a direct acting bolt heading machine of the open die type, such type being one for which the invention is peculiarly adapted. Standard machines of this general type may not be operated at the speed of the machine of this invention for the same work without, developing either such structural or operative defects as to require reduction of the speed to one quite disproportionate to that permitted by the work to be done if even normal action and output are to continue in a practical Way. This has resulted in keeping low the speed of hitherto standard machines. In practice the highest speed of a standard machine of this type approximates forty headed bolts per minute whereas by the present invention double and even triple that number per minute may be produced continually for normal operative periods and with lessening of recurrence of objectionable factors found in standard practice.

One of the important inventive factors of the machine is the correlating of the effective weight and velocity of the punch, the resistance offered by the work and the manipulative flexibility of the supporting backing for the heading dies, so as to produce an open die header which will not only operate for all practical periods and at very high speed under all the vicissitudes encountered in the regular practical operation of bolt heading machines but in respect to many conditions Whether merely objectionable or seemingly necessarily attendanton such machines, will permit alleviation or modification of untoward conditions with ease and efficiency. One important inventive factor in the machine is the manipulative fiexibility of the die supporting backing for the heading die, thereby avoiding a multiplicity of pieces in the connection between the heading, or upsetting, punch and its operating mechanism.

The increased inertia of movement of machine parts attendant on the high speed machine makes it highly desirable positively to control any important otherwise relatively loose parts so that the position of such parts may be predicated with considerable accuracy. To this end the movement of the heading dies is so controlled as practically to insure the accurate positioning of these dies at all phases of operation of the machine.

Another object of the invention is the provision of a practical open die bolt header of the shiftable punch type in which there is little necessity for adjustment; in which needed adjustment may be quickly effected; in which great refinement of adjustment may be attained in a simple and efiicient manner, and in which any happening leading up to the necessity for adjustment will not ordinarily cleleteriously affect the moving parts of the machine but will be largely such as to be remedied by simple manipulation of normally stationary parts, easily handled, and, if needed, replaced by other similar parts.

Certain objects of the invention will be clear from the foregoing and other objects of the invention will in part be obvious and will in part appear hereinafter.

The invention accordingly comprises the features of construction, combinations of elements, and arrangement of parts, which will be exemplified in the machine hereinafter described and the scope of the application of which will be indicated in the claims.

For a fuller understanding of the nature and objects of the invention reference should be had to the following detailed description taken in connection with the accompanying drawing, in which:

Figure 1 is a general side elevation of a header embodying the invention, certain parts being shown in section for clearer disclosure,

Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal section of the header,

Fig. 3 is a side elevation of the header, viewing the side opposite to thatillustrated in Fig. 1, I Fig. 4 is a general plan View of the header, partly sectional,

Fig. 5 is an enlarged general plan view of certain details at the die-end of the header, centain of the parts being in section,

Fig. 6 illustrates certain of the details of Fig. 5 in elevation and as viewed from the rear or power end of the header,

Fig. 7 is a vertical longitudinal sectional detail of Figs. 5 and 6, certain parts being omitted,

Fig. 8 is a sectional elevation of the detail connection between a die member and its operating mechanism,

Fig. 9 is a detail view in plan, partly sectional, illustrating a die-member controlling and actuating mechanism, and

Fig. 10 is a sectional detail illustrating the punching tools.

The drawing illustrates the invention as it may be embodied in a bolt heading ma chine of the open die, shiftable punch type. Some general description of certain parts and the relation thereof will conduce to a more ready understanding of what follows.

Referring to Figs. 2 and 1, there is the frame 1, supported on a sub-frame or legs 2, bolted to a strong foundation 8 over a pit 4. The general position of the punching tools in Fig. 4 is indicated at 5. The stock from which the bolts are made is indicated at 6 being a metal bar or rod of a length to furnish material for a plurality of bolts. A part of the stockfeeding or advancing means is indicated at 7. At 8, Fig. 6 is the set of heading dies comprising the right hand die 9 and the left hand die 10. To receive the stock therebetween and to release the headed stock these dies are movable apart. They are also movable transversely of the thrust of the punch from stock receiving to stock upsetting, or punching, position and return, and also toward and from each other, being slidably supported in the frame for such transverse movement. In the present embodiment of the invention the right hand die 9, on its movement to punching position, shears the stock and assists in transferring the sheared stock or blank to position to be punched. The terms right hand die and left hand die are used herein merely as convenient terms for referring to them individually, bot-h being alike in the illustrated embodiment. Each shape the head of the bolt. The registrable grooves above mentioned are indicated by the numerals 75, Fig. 6.

At this point it may be mentioned that in the present embodiment of the invention the dies also have supplemental grooves for a purpose hereinafter described, and that the auxiliary grooves customarily found in heading dies answer the purpose of such supplemental gooves. Such auxiliary grooves are usually found in the three sides of each die and may be utilized as active participants in the heading operation by turning the dies to bring them to operative position. The heading dies are solid blocks of hardened metal and have considerable inertia, whether at rest or in motion.

Immediately in rear of the dies 9 and 10 is the shear die holder 11 (Figs. 5 and 7), having an opening therethrough for passage of the stock 6. In the front face of the die holder 11 is the hardened annular metal bushing 160 which also serves as the anvil against which the end of the shank of the bolt blank abuts during the heading operation. As illustrated the die holder 11 is a solid block of metal with the anvil 160 inset. As the right hand die 9 moves on its shearing stroke, the shear die holder 11 cooperates therewith to effect shearing of the stock 6. The holder 11 may be adjuster longitudinally of the thrust of the punch. The shear die holder 11 is securely held in the frame so as unyieldingly to support and back the dies 9 and 10 against the thrust of the punch. Demountably arranged above the dies 9 and 10 is the die cap 12. Reciprm cation of the punch toward and from the dies 9 and 10 is effected by a mechanism hereinafter more specifically described, it being convenient to state at this point that such mechanism includes the pitman 18 pivotally connected at one end to the crank 14 of the power shaft 15, journaled in bearings on. the frame 1, the other end of the pitman having pivotal connection with a heavy ram 76 on which the punch holder is shiftably mounted.

The shiftable punch holder is indicated at 16 and is reciprocal transversely of the thrust of the punch and of the movement of the ram, and in timed relation with the move ment of the ram. Such transverse reciprocation may be effected by a rock arm 17 pivoted to hangers 18 on the frame, the arm 17 having slidable connection with the foot of the punch carrier 16 (Fig. 2).. The rock arm 17, as illustrated, isa fixed part of a transverse shaft 15 {supportcd by the frame. the shaft 19 carrying a head 20 fixed thereto outside the frame 1. Supported by the shaft 19 so as to rock thereon, is a driving head comprising a block 21, having a depending skirt or flange 22, to which are pivotally joined the ends of the parallel cam actuated rods 23, oscillated by cam 2% on a cam shaft 25 supported bythe frame, movement being transmitted to'the rods 23 through anti-friction rollers, the two rods 23 moving as one. in. a. slot in the flange 22 is adjustably mounted a pivot block 26 through which, and the rods 23, passes the pivot pin 27. Oscillation of the block 21 is transmitted to the head 20 through strong springs28, encircling rods 29 loosely passing through these parts, the springs being confined on the rods 29 and adjustable as to tension by the nuts 80. Upwardly projecting from the head 20 and fixed thereto is an arm 31 adapted to control certain pm which cooperate with the dies 9 and 10 as hereinafter referred to. The springs yieldingly transmit movement of the block 21 to the head 20and shaft 19, being adapted to yield should the movement of the shiftable punch holder 16 be unduly obstructed. The frame '1 is stationary, and the various operating instrumentalities of the mach e are carried thereby. The frame ri id very heavy and may be conveniently provided by an integral metal casting including the rigid tension members, or parallel side-i and 71joined' at the power-end of the frame by the cross-frame member 72 and at the punching end, or work end, of the frame by the rigid heavy frame block 73. In wardly projecting from the sides the frame are suitable ways 74; on which the ram 76 is supported for reciprocal movement. I

The shiftable punch holder comprises a plate 16 which bears fiat against the front face of the ram 76, and slides in a dove tailed groove at said end. In the present em bodiment the two punching tools 77 and 78 are removably mounted in a tool block 46 bolted to the front end. of the shiftable plate 16. The inner ends oft-he tools 77 and 78 abut the block 46, which latter abuts the plate 16, so that the thrust is at all times rigidly backed by the ram. The tools 77' and 78 have suitable die recesses to upset the end of the sheared blank of the stock and cooperate with the heading dies to give desired shape to the head of the bolt as will understood. A section of suitable tools for a double blow header and showlng the die cesses is illustrated in Fig. 10.

In consequence of the magnitude of the forces brought into action 1n heading bolts,

and of the character of the heading opera tion where the risistance of the work is suddenly introduced into the cycle of operation of an automatically functioning machine, immense stress is encountered by the n1achine parts. in accordance with an important aspect of the present invention the more complicated. parts of the machine, es pecially the complex moving parts from which the power of the punching is directlyobtained are so constructed and so related to the other parts as-to minimize deleterious effects of the suddenly imparted heavy stresses while maintaining and in many respects improving the practical manipulative flexibility of the machine as a whole so that it will be suitably efficient for operation at high speed under all practical conditions of service.

An important constructive factor of the in ention conducive to the attainment of onduring speed is the effective weight of the. punch and its actuating mechanism and the distribution of this weight. Such effective weight ismade unusually high and, within the limits of reasonable practical construction, it might be said that the greater this weight the better are the; results secured when it is properly distributed. In the ill'us tratcd embodiment of theinvcntion one of the main weight giving factors is the reciprocal ram 7 6 by which the shift-able punch holder is carricdon its workin movement. Participating in giving weight to the reciprocal. punching parts are also the shiftable punch holder and the various moving connections including the fly wheels 14 1, from the ram to the point of application of the power. For convenience this effective weight is herein termed effective weight of ram or effective weight of punch, inasmuch as much of the increased weight over standard machines may be, and in the present embodiment is, obtained by using a very heavy ram. This locates increased weight near the point of application of the punching blows. lthas been found that for operatii .g-on bolt stock adapted for making A, and bolts a ram weight of 1100 lbs. is suitable. For larger bolts as for instance V and a still heavier ram vould be used to obtain the best results. 0

(l ne of the inherent weaknesses of standard types of bolt headers, especially those of the shiftable punch open die type is their facility for developing such defects, either of the punchi w mec-l'ianism or of adjustment or of both, as th require frequent shutdowns for readjustn'icnt if not repair. Largely to obviate these and other un n'on'iising factors the illustrated embodiment of the invention to these parts involves such a complete departure from heretofore accepted practice as to result in a header in which "the punching mechanism but rarely gets out of order and iii in which the setting of and adjustment for the work may be made with :t'acility and dispatch and without altering the relation be tween the punch tool or the shiftable punch holder and their respective actuating mechanisms.

As heretofore stated the rain 76 is reciprocal on the ways 74-, and is driven from the power shaft- 15, through the pitman 13 which is strengthened by the ribs 13. As illustrated the ram 76 is an integral rigid block of metal on the front end of which bears the punch holder 16. At its rear end the ram is cored out to provide a socket as indicated at 162, and this socket opening extends inwardly tar enough to register with the circular bearing openings 163, formed in the integral side walls resultant from opening 162, the bearing openings 163 being thus offsets of the rear opening. The pitman pin 79 is rigid, solid and strong and bears on the ram surfaces provided by the walls of the openings 163 and fills said openings. t will thus be seen that rigid material of the ram integrally extends from the pitman pin 79 to the bearing for the shiftable punch holder so that the thrust of punching is transmitted through the integral material of the ram to said pitman pin. The integral sides, or wall 165 of the socket of the ram, caused by the opening 162 surround the pitman pin 79 and extend rearwardly therefrom, completely transversely surrounding the end of the pit man and flaring, or tapering gently outwardly to the rear end of the ram. As illustrated, the sides 165 extend rearwardly at each of the four sides of the ram so as to provide a strong ram part, not liable readily to fracture, and which strengthens the bear ing of the pitman pin against the thrust. In addition to its bearing in the openings 163, the pitman pin bears against the turned or smooth face 166 of the integral material of the ram. From the above it will be perceived that the pitman pin 79 bears peripherally against a rigid part of the ram which part is integral with the front ram face which receives the thrust of the punch holder 16. It will be noted that thoram is a solid block, and that there is positively no chance for accidental longitudinal se 'iarating movement between the pitman pin and the ram. No vibratory strain may disturb the relation between the pitman pin and the front hearing face of the ram. The pitman 18 is strong and rigidv and is so coupled to the pitman pin as to maintain constantoperative position relative thereto. To this end the pitman has the forwardly projectin bearing straps 167 integral therewith. These straps are lined with removable bronze bushings 164.- and receive and closely encircle the pitman pin 79. These straps are spaced apart axially of the pitman pin at their outer ends, but at their inner ends merge into the solid body of the pitman, which latter provides a pit man face 168, also lined with bronze, (Fig. bearing en -the rear of the pitman pin so that the punching thrust of the pitinan is el'lectively transmitted. The bronze linings of the straps 1.67 are preferably integral with the lining of the face 168. The pitman pin 79 may be held in place by a pin 190 penetrating the ram and engaging a groove 191 in the pitman pin. The power shaft '15 18 strong and rigid, and its bearings in the frame sides are elongated as illustrated at 60 so as to avoid transverse movement of the axis of the power shaft. Furthermore, these bearings come close to the sides of the pitman 13, where the latter is coupled to the crank of the power shaft. whereby practically a shearing instead or a flexing strain is placed on the power shaft. The pitman is pivoted to the crank 14: of the power shaft by a bearing jaw or strap 81 integral with the pitmau and a cooperative bearing jaw or strap 82 bolted to the pitman, these two jaws providing a cylindrical bearing enclosing a bearing bushing 83 in direct contact with the cranl; 14% and eliminating lost motion. v

The shear die holder 11, in the present embodiment of the invention, serves as the die-block, and directly supports and backs the dies 9 and lOagainst thrust of the punch. l t UT'itlQl'llGS the die cap 12 and is adjustable longitudinally of the thrust. It is also .rably readily removable and replaceable by another similar block which latter may be longer or shorter. One of the inn-- portant factors of the present invention concerns the character of the adjustment of the backing for the dies 9 and 10 and another important and related factor concerns the adjustable relation between the dies 9 and 10 and the die block. 11, on the one hand, and the position of the path of the punch or of the ram, on the other hand. Having in view the provision of a high speed bolt header capable of operatingfor all practical periods and having, as well, the manipulative flexibility required under all conditions of service, it will be realized that the high speed in conjunction with the very heavy ram develops av degree of force and consequent strain on the machine, likely to manifest themselves injuriously, especially after continued running. unless provision is made to minimize the deleterious effect of such forces, so as to maintain the machine as a thoroughly practical instrument for heading bolts, adapted to be set, reset, adjusted. and readjusted with great facility. Reference being now had more specifically to Figs. 2, 5 and 7, there is seen the die block 11 immediately behind the dies 9 and 10, and serving as a member of the heading die backing which supports the heading dies against the thrust. of the punch. It will be understood that heading dies of different lengths may be employed as may be determined by the length of bolt to be made. In the present embodiment the backing for the heading dies also includes the tln'nsttakmg backing members 87, 90 and 7 b, the one lying immediately in rear of the'other, the member 90 being between the die block 11 and the member 73 and all relcasably clamped together by the anchoring rods 85.

In the present embodiment the backing member .73 is a stationary thrust abutment provided by the rigid heavy frame part of the machine and has a thrust bearing face 93 inclined longitudinally of the thrust. The members 87 and 90 are bac ring blocks, the backing block 90 having front and rear faces at different distances from each other longitudinally of the thrust, and a stock pass geway, or opening 91, which permits its transverse adjustment transversely of the stock or stock bar (3. in the illustrated embodimentthe front and rear faces of the block 90 are plane and inclined to each other transversely of the thrust, being the inclii'ied planes of a wedge backing block in which the thrust transmitting dimension varies transversely of such dimension, one of the inclined plane faces being disposed to contact with the parallel face of the next adjacent backing member; in the illustrated embodiment with the parallel thrust bearing face 93. la the illustrated embodiment the member 87 is a removable auxiliary backing block which rests on and is longitudinally adjustable on the bottom face 94: of the die,

packet in the frame of the machine. The face 94 may be machined to permit easy adjustable movement of the auxiliary backing block thereon, and the front face of the auxiliary block is squared to conform with the next adjacent face of the wedge block 90. In the block 87 is a passageway 88 for the stock.

It will be noted that when the backing members 11, 87, 90 and 73 are locked in operative backing relation, the dies are effectively and rigidly supported against the thrust of the punching operations. It will be perceived, however, that, should the operative position of the dies require changin or should longer or shorter dies be needed, or should readjustment of the position of the dies be required for any reason, or in fact should there be any need for loosening or unlocking the backing, not only may it be done with great facility, but that any degree of adjustment of the backing for the die block may be attained by merely adjusting the relative position of the backing members, already in place in the machine. The backing member 90 and the abutment 73 constitute a pair of members by which the length of the die block backing may be adjusted to any degree by relative displace ment or adj ustable'movement, of one relative, to the other transversely of the thrust. forward end of the length of the die block backing in thepresent embodiment will be the advance face of the auxiliary backing block 87 and the rear end of said length will be the inclined face 93 of the stationary abutment 7 3. When the wedge-block 90 is in a higher position than illustrated, for instance in Aig. 7,.the advance face of the auxiliary block 87 will be ahead of its present position when. the backing is locked in operative condition. Similarly, whenv the wedge-block is in a lower position, the ad- Vance face of the auxiliary block will be in rear of its illustrated position. It is also to be noted that any degree of adjustment of the length of the backing may be attained by mere relative adjustment of the wedgeblock and the abutment. The die block backing may be made to take any length within the maximum and minimum of adjustment in the particular machine. This feature of adjustability of the length of the die block backing in continuous degree is of great importance. By utilizing it, the heading dies may be adjusted with ease and to any degree of refinement. It enables much of the complexity of adjustment and of the multiplicity of parts of heretofore standard headers to and enhances the practical working of -headers to a marked degree.- The headingdie ends of boltheaders are necessarily very strong to withstand the immense forces engendered in punching. Furthermore many of the important co-operative parts of such ends of headers are at rest during the op.- eration of heading. By providing for practical refinement of adjustment at the die end of the header, most, if not all factors of the moving punching instrumentalities which have heretofore kept down the speed of boltheaders is eliminated so that these reciprocating parts may be constructed with prime regard to strength and the effects of vibration at high speed and without necessary contemplation of frequent adjustment of heavy reciprocal parts operating at high speed.

I As will be understood from the preceding description, the integral rigid material of the ram extends from the point of applica' tion of the thrust of the pitman pin 79 to the ram face, or hearing, which receives'the thrust of the shiftable punch holder. In the present embodiment the ram is mainly a solid block of metal and whereas'the connection from the ram to the power is a fac tor in such weight it is important to locate a great part of the same near the oint of, application of the blow. This is e ectively: done by giving great weight to the ram, as by making it solid, in the main. In this The be eliminated and it facilitates;

movement of the punch. When the machine runs idly the punch merely reciprocates har- "moniously with no resistance due to the presence of the work. There is no impact; no untoward interruption of the harmony of movement; no untoward vibration of any parts of the reciprocating mechanism, and no deleterious factors otherwise due to impact or interruption or vibration. That aspect of the'invention now concerned contemplates substantial maintenance of this harmony of movement even when the resistance of the work is introduced. The kinetic energy and momentum developed at high speed are very great as compared with the resistance offered by the work to upsetting and reshaping. Nothwithstanding the high speed and the heavy effective weight of the punch, vibration, and especially injurious effect of vibration, are materially reduced.

For locking the backing members in ad justed relation means are provided which permits ready unlocking for subsequent resetting, or readjustment. A suitable and efficient means for the purpose includes the pair of anchoring rods (Figs. 5, 7) 85, having heads 84 threaded on the rods and provided with tongues engaging grooves in the sides of the die block, or shear die holder 11. The rods 85 extend through passageways in the frame block 7 3 and are provided with suitable nuts 86. By turning the nuts 86 the die block 11, auxiliary block 87, wedge block 90, and abutment block 7 3 may be clamped together so as rigidly to back the heading dies against the thrust of the punch, or these parts may be loosed to permit readjustment, as may be desired. The work end of the frame is cut out or cast with a depression, or die pocket, of which the face 93 forms an end wall. This wall is a part of the front face of the heavy rigid frame casting providing a rigid solid frame abutment unyielding to the shocks of punching. The die block, auxiliary block, anvil and wedge are solid rigid metal members or blocks, so that when these parts are in operative position back of the dies 9 and 10, as illustrated in Figs. 2 and 7, the anvil and these blocks are braced and supported rigidly against thrust of the punch.

As will be understood the wedge may be moved relatively to the frame transversely of the thrust of the punch. To permit this movement the frame is recessed at 97 and the sides of the wedge may be guided by the frame walls 98. By raising or low ering the wedge 90 the exact position thereof to back, or brace, the dies 9 and 10 in desired operative relation to the punch may be attained, whereupon the wedge may be secured in said position against movement as the machine operates. By manipulating the nuts 86 the anchor rods will'clamp the die block 11 and the. auxiliary block 87 against the wedge and the wedge against the frame. Forming a rigid part of the wedge 90 is the arm 99 loosely engaging the threaded pin 100, which is tightly threaded into the frame 73 so as to be practically fixed against movement. Nuts 101 and. 102 may be utilized to lock the wedge against movement transversely of the thrust of the punch. In Fig. 7 after turning the nut 102 to lower it, the upper end 103, of the wedge may be struck to displace it downwardly so to relieve the die backing effect of the wedge. This may be done without disturbing the position of the nut 101. Hence, after lowering the wedge, it may be returned to its exact former die positioning relation by turning the nut 102 until the arm 99 is stopped by the nut 101. Thus the nut 101 serves as an abutment in the path of the wedge for arresting the adjusting movement between the wedge 90 and the frame upon the attainment of a predetermined die positioning relation and also serves as a gauge for determining the relation between the punch and the backing for predetermined operative positioning of the dies 9 and 10.

The dies 9 and 10 are adapted to be adjusted longitudinally of the thrust, being rigidly held against the thrust by the backing members hereinbefore mentioned. Once set and backed as described, the wedge may be manipulated to relieve and establish the supporting effect of the backing. The means for transversely adjusting the wedge 90 is operable independently of the anchor rods 85; by it the wedge may be set to predetermined position as determined by the nut 101, and thereafter the backing efiectively locked by the anchor rods 85. I

It will be noted that the operative position of the heading dies and the die block 11 may be set with accuracy to any degree of refinement by simple manipulation of present parts, notwithstanding the ponderous nature of the machine and the heavy forces at work. Within the limits of adjustment of the machine it is not required either to substitute or to replace any die-block backing members, unless fracture demands it. And fracture is not likely because all the backing blocks may be made thick and strong. Should a longer or shorter die block 11 be required as might be needed when the bolt length is to be changed, a different length. of die block 11- may be used, but such new block may havethe grooves engaged by the heads 84: of the anchor bolts (Fig. in the same relation as in the original die block. The same refinement of ad justment is nevertheless maintained; the length of the die block backing is adjustable in continuous degree so that length is readily obtainable, and even when the position of the path of the punch, or of the ram is constant as it is in the embodiment illustrated, all adjustable relations between the punch and dies longitudinally of the thrust may be obtained. In the best practice the position of the path of the ram constant in the same machine and when the punch tool has once been set and applied to the ram, the position of its path is constant thereafter. In this machine the best results are believed to be attained by maintaining the position of the path of the punch and ot the ram constant for all adjusted positions of the dies longitudinally of the thrust, and for different adjusted lengths of the die backing. It will be noted that, in the present embodiment, the thrust of the punch against the work is transmitted through a rigid ram, without adjustment from the tearing for the punch holder 16 to the pitman pin 79, and it will be further observed that the construction is such that notwithstanding the powertul forces at Work, especially in a high speed machine, there is no likelihood of the operation of the machine resulting in accidental or other change in the fixed operative relation between the bearing for the punch holder and the pitman pin or the power shaft 15. In the best practice and in the embodiment illustrated the distance between the pitman pin 7 9 and the thrust bearing for the punch holder 36 is constant. whatever he the operative position oi the heading dies in respect-to adj ustment longitudinally of the thrust, the thrust being transmitted through a rigid part of the ram. which is integral from the bearing tor the punch holder to the pitman-pin '79.

The stock bar advancing or feeding mecha nism may include the two grooved feed rollers 136 and 137 (Figs. 2 and 3) spring pressed into engagement with opposite sides ot the stock rod to grip and feed the rod. The roller 136 may be intermittently driven in timed relation with the other mechanisms by a suitable ratchet on the face of the roller cooperating with an oscillatorypawl carried by a rock arm 138, which is actuated by a rod 1.39 pivoted to a pivot block 1.4.0 adjustably tired in a slot- 140 in the reel: member (Fig. As the diameter oi? stock rods may vary, suitable provision may be made for adjusting the rollers i236 and 13'? toward and from eaclrot'her. The steel;

bar n'ia'y'be weighty, and a strong feeding pre re of the feed rolls 136 and 13' needed.

For gauging the amount of advance of the stock bar the gauge arm 58 is employed, this arm being pivoted on the frame at 59 and having a gear segment meshing with theteeth of a vertically reciprocal rack bar 61, actuated by a rock lever, in turn positively actuated in both directions by rock lever 62 :tulcrumed on the frame at 63, having a cam roll 64; engaging the cam groove 65 in the face of the spur pinion 4.4; on the cam shalt The pivot for the gauge arm 58 may comprise a rod 66 (Fig. 5) extending through the frame and adjus-itable longitudinally tor varying, as may be required, the extent of the advance movement of the stock bar.

Reference being made to Figs. 5 and G, will be understood that when the steel: (3

has advanced to position between the heading dies 9 and 10, these dies are moved to the right to shear oil a blank of stock and. set the sheared blank directly opposite the anvil'ltli) (Fig. 7) in position to be punchml and shaped into'a headed bolt. When an open die is utilized, as in the present embodimcnt, there is opportunity for .i ts component members 9 and 10 to assume inaccurate, ineiiicient, and obstructive relation to related parts so as to result in imperfect product not to speak of liability of 'lractruring' machine parts. In a high speed machine as contemplated by the present invention the tendency of detached hezuling dies to ihnction in'iproperly greatly magnified. To alleviate this objection and provide an enduring, accurately functioning high speed header the prez-ient invention includes, as an in'i 'iortant feature, a considerable degree of pos 'ive control ot the movements of the heading dies. In the embodiment illustrated the right hand die 9 moves and cooperates with the shear die holder ll to shear the stock.

The mechanism for actuating the right hand die 9 to e'llect shearing oi? the stock may include a reciprocal power driven member or plunger, comprising the pair 01 piui'iger rods 32 and 33 (Fig. 4-11) linked to the slide blocks 34 and carried by the reciprocal. head 36, the blocks 34 and 35 being in turn linked to abutment blocks 37 and 38, construction providing a power-- liul to "gle mechanism for effecting shearing movementof the right hand die. For imparting reciprocal movement to the power transmittinghead 36, it is in turn. coupled to a rock lever 39, (Fig, l.) by the links 40 and ll, the rock lever 39 being fulcruined on the frame and having a cam roll cooperating with the cam 42, keyed to the cam shaft lllowment of the head 36 in one direction is eliected by the cam a2 and in the opposite direction by the power oi? spring d3. For

rotating the cam shaft 25, it is provided with a spur pinion 44 meshing with the spur gear 45, keyed to the power shaft 15, the proportion of the pinion to the gear being as two to one.

During the shearing of the stock 6 by the right hand die 9, the left hand die 10 is moved in the same direction, and the bolt, or bolt blank, sheared. from the stock bar remains between. these two dies and is translated to punching position opposite the anvil 160 on the cutter block 11. After punching, the two dies 9 and 10 move in the opposite direction to position to receive between them the stock bar on the latters next advance movement, upon which advance, it may be remarked, the end of the stock bar ejects the headed bolt from between the dies. For restoring the left hand. die 10 to stock bar receiving and stock bar shearing relation to the die 9, there is a spring 50 (Figs. 3 and 9) pressing against a reciprocal head 51, to which the rods 52 and 53 are adjustably fastened, these rods passing through the sides of the frame, the inner ends of the rods emerging from the frame opposite the left hand die 10 and carrying a pressing plate 56 threaded thereto. In the present embodiment a filler block 57 is interposed between the pressing plate 56 and the die 10. By this construction it will be perceived that as the left hand die 10 pressed to the right (Fig. 0) upon the shearing of the bar, its movement to the rightis resisted by the spring 50. It will also be observed that the spring 50 and its associated head 51. an d. rods 52 and provide an impeller adapted to urge the left hand die 10 toward its operative relation to the die 9 preliminary to shearing of the bar. At this point it may be noted that, during the shearing of the stock, the portion to be cut off is maintained against bending so that a clean cut is made, the end of the blank being squared and normal to the length. In the present embodiment this is effected by having the dies 9 and 10 firmly grip the stock during shearing, as will be more specifically described hereinafter. For the moment attention will be confined to the movement of the die 9 which shears the stock.

The main shearing pressure is transmitted from the pair of plungers 32 and through the rigid plunger head 104 and the filler block105. As the die 9moves to the right (Fig. 6) the stool; is effectively sheared by the powerful pressure coming through the toggle, the block 105 then filling the space between the head 104 and the die 9. In the present embodiment of the invention, mechanism is provided effectively controlling the position of the die 9 to the end that its relative position at certain predetermined times shall be assured. After the stock has been sheared, moved opposite the anvil and storing movement;- 1. e., a movement in a direction opposite to shearing movement,

whereby they are again set to receive between them the stock on its next advance movement. Among other things it is important that the dies shall open, or separate, to permit discharge of the completed bolt and, further that the dies shall not interrupt the advance of the unsheared stock. On reference to Fig. 6, it will be understood that after the dies 9 and 10 have been moved to the left by the impeller rods 52 and 53, the stock 6 advances to supply material for the next bolt and to eject the completed bolt. The end of the stock 6 may be slightly bent or have fins or other projections resulting from the previous shear and should the dies 9 and 10 not be properly positioned at this time, the advance end of the stock might contact with the rear ends thereof, and either cease to advance, or the consequent forward pressure tending to and oftentimes actually causing fracture of the keeper lingers 116 carried by the die cap. To alleviate these otherwise possible objectionable conditions and assure proper operative positioning of the right handdie 9 it is positively set or moved to stock receiving position so as not to interrupt the advance movement of the stock.

In the embodiment illustrated the die positioning or controlling mechanism includes the pair of power actuated. die moving members 108 and 109, which are metal plates slidable transversely of the path of the stock, the die 9 lying between these plates and resting on the lower. Each plate has a longitudinal recess or groove 112 (Figs. 0 and 8) in which lies a removable key or finger 111 which latter also engages the auxiliary groove in the die,'such auxiliary groove being one of the grooves which may be utilized, 9

when needed to shape the stock. As illustrated, the fingers 111 are cylindrical rollers lying in the conjoint recess formed by'the opposed grooves in the die and tie plates and coupling the die to said plates for positive reciprocal movement with the latter. Be-

neath the lower tie plate 109 is the hardened 1 wear plate 96 on which the lower tie plate slides, the plate 96 being bolted to the bottom face of the die pocket in'the frame and having a way or groove 114 (Fig. 8) engaged by a tongue of the tie plate 109. At the end of the tie plate 109 which faces toward the punch, the groove 112 is closed as by an integral part 115 of said plate, to retain the roller 111 in place. When the die cap is in. place, the upper tie plate 108 slides on the upper wear-plate 113 bolted in a recess in the under face of said cap, and is guided by the keeper fingers 116 and the cap plate 171 held in the cap by screws 172 (Fig. 8).

The tie plates 108 and 109 have tongues or flanges 110, removably and slidably engaging longitudinal grooves in the upper and lower faces of the plunger head 10-1. The rods and 33 have tongues 106 with rounded ends ano flat upper and lower faces, these tongues entering a longitudinal groove in the head 104. It will now we understood that as the shearing plunger, makes its restoring, or retrograde, movement the die 9 is positively synchronously moved therewith and that the extreme position of this die is thereby assured and is such as not to be in the path of the advancing stock, It will also be seen that whereas the dies 9 and 10 may remain together'on theirrestoring movement with the completed bolt therebetween, when the restoring effect of the impeller on the left hand die 10 permits the die to come to rest short of its ultimate position, the die 9 is positively moved to separate it from the other die. The dies are weighty and their inertia considerable and it is very advantageous in a high speed machine as far as possible to guard against the inaccurate positioning of these dies might result were the both dies completely unattached from their moving members. As the tie members 108 and 109, the head 10 1, and the dies 9 and 10 are readily removable members, replacement and substitution of these part is easily made. Furthermore it will be noted that the positive coupling described permits adjustment of the dies as needed for change of length of the die backing, the flange 110 in the upper tie plate being adjustably movable in the groove in the head 104.

As previously explained upon the retrograde, or restoring movement of the shearing plunger, the left hand die 10 is moved to the left (Fig. 6) by the spring 50 which actuates the reciprocal die impelling plunger composed of the impeller rods 52 and 53 and the pressing plate, or block, 56. An important feature of the present invention is the prevention of the bending of the portion of the stock which is to form the bolt and the making of a clean cut on shearing the stock. To this end, in the present embodiment, the dies are caused firmly to grip the stock during shearing. The length of the impelling plunger is such that on its restoring movement under the influence of the spring 50 it will press the left hand die against the unsheared stock preliminary to and during shearin a strength of spring 50 being used sufficient for the purpose. However to lessen the liability of the left hand die 10 to obstruct the advance of the stock bar, as might result were this die to approach too'close to the path of the unsheared stock during the latters advance movement, means are provided for temporarily interrupting, or arresting, the retrograde impeller movement in timed relation to the ad (M1013 of the stock, so that the left hand die 10, which is unattached to the impeller, may come to rest at a point sufliciently short of said path to permit free passage of said stock.

Referring to Figs. 3 and 9, the numeral 117 indicates a reciprocal plate guided on the side of the frame of the machine. The two rods 52 and 53 of the impeller are joined by the head 51 to move as one, and the head 51 has an abutment 120 projecting toward the plate 117 and in horizontal alinement therewith. The outer face 118 of plate 117 is smooth and provides a detent against which the abutment 120 strikes under pressure of impeller spring 50, the die impelling movement of the impeller being thus interrupted or arrested at a sufiicient distance short of its ultimate position so as to permit the left hand die 10 to come to rest short of the path of the stock so as not to obstruct the advance of stock. In the outer face of the plate 117 is a depression, opening, or recess 119 into which the abutment may enter when in registry with said recess, This permits further inward movement of the impeller under influence of spring 50 after its temporary interruption by the detent face 118 of detent member, or plate, 117, and such further inward movement is sufficient to then impel the left hand die 10 into contact with the unsheared stock preliminary to shearing. The impeller leaf spring 50 has one end adjustably secured to a bracket 17 3 on the frame, the free end of this spring pressing against a convex knob 174- of the head 51 in horizontal alinement with the impeller rods 52 and 53. The detent plate 117 is normally actuated in properly timed relation to the movement of the stock advancing mechanism, being connected to the arm 31 on shaft 19 by the connecting rod or link 121.

When the impeller is pressed to the right- Fi 6 b the stock shearin mechanism b v and dies 9 and 10, the impeller abutment 1S pressed outwardly beyond the detent face 118 of olate 117' and ma so remain durin 9 I a punching. As the impeller 1s urged to the left F1 6 b is )r1n 50, its movement is temporarily arrested by the abutment 120 coming into contact with the detent face 118, which will then be directly opposite this abutment. Such arrest will endure while the stock is being advanced between the dies, whereupon the detent plate will have moved to bring the recess 119 into registry with the abutment 120 and the latter will slip into such recess and impel the die into contact with the portion of the stock next to be sheared from the bar 6. As the detent plate 117 is actuated from the cam shaft 25 through the springs, or resilient operative connections 28, suflicient mechanical flexibility of the connections is assured to lessen the possibility of fracture in case abnormal obstruction to movement is encountered. In

the embodiment illustrated theimpelling movement of the impeller is intermittent, the detent face 118 being more remote from the path of the stock than is the bottom of the recess 119. The bottom of the recess 119 may serve as an auxiliary detent, so as to prevent undue inward protrusion of the impeller rods when the dies are not in place. The filler block and the die 10 rest and slide on a wear plate 95 bolted to the bottom of the die pocket in the frame, the upper face of the wear plate 95 being in line with that of the tie plate 109, so that the dies 9 and 10 are on the same level. i

As already stated the die cap 12 (Figs. 5, 6, 7) is demountable. It is also adjustable longitudinally of the thrust of the punch, and when unsecured, the adjusting of the length of the die backing is adapted to effect the adjustment of the cap. In the present embodiment the die cap is a heavy metal piece hinged at one side of the die pocket, for transverse demounting and mounting movement toward and from the dies, by an upstanding ear 148 on the cap lying between the frame lugs 1 19, the ear and lugs being penetrated by the hinge pin 150. The hinge construction is such that the cap may be adjustably moved axially of the hinge, the lugs 1&9 being properly spaced to permit. The die cap may be secured in operative mounted position by the pair of clamping jaws 151 pivoted on the threaded pins 152 secured to the frame, the clamping being effected by the nuts 158. In the present embodiment the die cap is separable from the auxiliary backing block 87. (Fig. 7) but the two have transverse tongue and groove engagement. As illustrated the tongue or flange 89 is on the block and the groove in the can, and the engagement may .be such that con'oint longitudinal ad'ustin k #1 movement of one with the other may be effected. lVhen the die backing is readjusted the die cap is adjusted therewith. The upper tie plate 108is longitudinally adjustable with the die cap and relative to the head 10 1 of the reciprocal shearing plunger as before mentioned. By this construction should there be need for readjustment, or release and resetting of the dies, the die cap and the anchor rods may be loosened, the wedge lowered or raised, and the parts be reclamped with assurance that the die cap will be properly. adjusted likewise. Of course if it is desired, the cap may be demounted by turning it up on its hinge axis and subsequently remounted in proper position. When the parts are assembled illustrated in Fig. 6, the die block 11 and the dies are longitudinally adjustable with the die cap.

The numeral 67 indicates a die parting pin, a plurality of such pins being illus trated. Each is adapted for' reciprocal movement in bearing openings, or guides, in the die cap (Fig. 7), and the springs for pressing these pins into the path of the heading dies are indicated at 68, being leaf springs one end of each of which is adjustably fastened by setscrew 14? to a lug or bracket 1 16 upwardly projecting from the cap. Due to the high speed for which the present invention is specially adapted it is important as far as possible to eliminate all resistances which might be manifested as vibration or shock. When die parting pins are employed they offer a certain resistance to the reciprocal movements of the heading dies and one object of this aspect of the invention is to reduce this resistance and to do so at the most eiiicacious time in the opera tion of the machine. In the present embodiment the resistance due to the spring pressure on the parting pins is eliminated when not required. It will be understood that the corners of the dies 9 and 10 are beveled to cooperate with the beveled ends of the part ing pins 67. The numerals 132 indicate arms oscillatably pivotally mounted on the hinge pin 175 supportedby the bracket arms 176 of the upstanding portion 146 of the die cap. An arm 132 lies beneath each spring 68 and between such spring and the relevantpin 67 and these arms are simultaneously turned upwardly by power to relieve the parting pins from the pressure el'iectof said springs, and so as to, control the operative effect of the parting pins. Each arm may have a rounded face 09 for contact with the pin 67. The numerals 133 and 1341- (Fig. 6) indicate two arms of a rock lever fulcrumed on the hinge pin 175, the arm 134 having a lifting pin 135 underlying each arm 132 movable therewith adaptedv to contact with and simultaneously raise the arms 132when the rock lever moves in one direction, thereby relieving the parting pins from the pressure of the springs 68. When the rock lever moves in the opposite direction the pressure effect of the springs is restored.

F or actuating the rock lever so as to control the operative effect of the parting pins in timed relation to the heading die actuating mechanism the reciprocal plunger 129 extending laterally through the frame is employed, the inner end of this plunger being adapted to register with the rock arm 183 when the die cap is in mounted position over the dies. In the present embodiment the die cap is recessed or cut away as indicated at 177 (Fig. 5) to permit such registry and allow mounting and demounting movement of the cap. Suflicient longitudinal adjustable movement is also allowed without the plunger 129 moving out of registry withthe rock arm 133. 611 the plunger 129 is the shoulder 181 against which and the frame bears the spring 130 which exerts its tension to move the plunger 129 outwardly into contact with the outer end of an arm 128 of a rock lever fulcrumed on the bracket 125 bolted to the side of the frame, the other arm of this latter rock lever being indicated at 126 and carrying the cam roll 127 in horizontal alineinent with an extension of the detent plate 117 hereinbefore described. This extension comprises a prolongation of the fiat face 118 of said plate which merges into the flat face 123 via the incline, or cam face 124: of said plate. The spring 130 presses the cam roll 1 7 against the extension of the plate 117, and as said plate moves in one or the other direction the plunger 129 is moved in response through the cam 124:, and the members 127, 126 and 128, as they cooperate with the spring 130. The relative positions of the cam roll 12?, the'face 123 and the extension of face 118 are such that the springs 68 are lifted at the beginning of each shearing operation on the stock and the pressure of these springs is not restored untilit is desired to interpose the parting pins in the path of the lefthand die 10, on the latters retrograde movement under the influence of the impeller.

It will be noted that the relieving means for the parting pins includes the actuating members 133 on the die cap and the plunger 129 on the frame, and that these parts are movable into cooperative registry relation by mere mounting movement of the cap. No separate adjusting is required after once be.- ing organized. It may also be noted that as the parting pins 67 are carried by the die cap and as the cap is adjustably movable to accommodate and in conformity with different lengths of the die backing, the operative position of the parting pins longitudinally of the dies may be attained by adjustment of the backing.

It will be noted that the fingers 116 project in front of the dies9-and 10, acting as guides for reciprocal movement of these dies, and keeping them close to the face of the die block 11. Should either of the dies 9 or 10 intersect the path of the advancing stock bar the end of the bar would be pressed strongly against this intersecting die by the bar feed and the consequent pressure against the fingers 116 might be sulfieient to fracture the one or the other or both fingers. By controlling the movements of the dies 9 and 10 as hereinbefore explained, such' fracturing of the fingers 116 is practically eliminated.

The operation'of' the machine will have largely been understood fromthe. foregoing but may be described asfollows:

Thepower shaft '15 caries the fly wheels M1 one of which may serve as a pulley to receive powerfrom any suitable source as from the power driven belt'1 l2. The stock bar from which tl e bolts are'to be formed is supplied from a suitable source, as a coil or red, the-end of the bar being introduced into the guide 143, thence passing between the gripping feed rolls 136 and 137, thence through another guide and through the quill 1 15 in the heavy casting or frame block at the adjacent end of the machine. The end of the bar of stock will project beyond the front face of the dies 9 and 10, having passed through the backing blocks, vand the die block and between the two dies 9 and 10. The ram will be equipped with the proper punching tools 77 and 78 to cooperate with the dies 9 and 10 to give the required shape and dimension to the head of the bolt and to the shank adjacent the head of the bolt. Upon'first starting the machine, it may be found that the operatii-e relation between the punch and the dies is not such as to deform or reshape the bolt in accordance with the predetermined shape and dimension required. These features of the bolt are made usually to scale and it important that they should be correct. The heading of a bolt or two will disclose the possible error, whereupon the wedge 90 may be readjusted to shorten or lengthen the backing so as to dispose the front face of the dies in the exact operative position required. Having determined the proper longitudinal relation between the punch and the dies 9 and 10 to produce the headed bolt in accordance with predetermined requirements, the wedge may be locked in the desired position by means of the nuts 101 and 102 and the anchor bolts. Thereafter, as the machine operates, bolts, or bolt blanks, will be successively sheared from the forward end of the stock bar, transferred by the dies 9 and 10 into alinement with the anvil, punched, transferred by the impelling restoring movement of the left hand die 10 into alinement with the stock bar and ejected from between the dies upon the succeec'ling advance of the stock bar. As illustrated, the heading of the bolt effected in two operationsof the punch, the first operation upsetting the projecting end of the bolt blank by one punch tool and the second operation completing the heading by further upsetting and compressing of the material of the bolt blank by the other punch tool. After the heading has been completed both dies 9 and 10 move together toward position for receiving the stock bar therebetween on the next advance movement of said bar, and they carry the headed bolt between them; On this movement the dies the impelling effect of the spring 50 will be arrested before the left hand die arrives opposite theadvance end of the stock bar, so that the left hand die will not have moved enough to obstruct the advance of said bar.

During parting By the movement of the tie members 108 and 109, the right hand die will be moved positively past the advance end of the stock bar so the right hand die will not impede the advance of the bar. In this manner the respective dies 9 and 10 assume bar receiving positions and release their possible grip on the headed bolt so that the stool; bar may advance between the dies without being impeded by either and may eject readily the headed bolt. At or just before the completion of the advance movement of the stock bar, the spring pressure on the parting pins is relieved and the pressure effect of the die impeller restored, with the result that the eft hand die completes or makes a further movement under the influence of its actuating spring until the left hand die comes against the stock bar. W hen the end of this bar comes "against the gauge 58, or the amount of the advance has been completed, the right hand die is moved to the right (Fig. 6) to effect gripping of the stock bar between the dies. Continued motion of the dies to the right (Fig. 6) against the resistance of the spring 50, which then serves as a clamping spring, effects shearing of the stock bar squarely and carries the cut-off blank to position for being acted on by the punching or upsetting tools in the heading operation. During shearing the grip of the dies prevents bending of the bolt blank which is being sheared off, so that a clean even shear is effected.

The work of punching is mainly accomplished by expenditure of kinetic energy of the heavy punch moving at relatively high velocity. Strain and vibration on the power shaft and on the frame of the machine are greatly diminished and in practice it is found that there is no substantial perceptible vibration of the power shaft due to the operation of punching.

Should the normal operation of the machine be interrupted by some untoward hap pening, as for instance by freezing, the construction described offers a very simple remedy. The nut 102 is lowered on the pin 100. Thereupon the wedge may be moved downwardly by a sledge applied to its top 103. This displacement of the wedge will permit the die block to be moved in a direction away from the punch, upon loosening the anchor bolts 85. Thereupon the dies 9 and 10 may be moved away from the punch and the punch freed from the freeze. The punch may now be caused to recede by a normal rotative movement of the power shaft, whereupon the wedge may be promptly re-- stored to its original position by actuating the nut 102 to lift the wedge until the wedge arm 99 comes against the gauge nut 101, which latter has remained in its origina'lposition of adjustment. Thereupon on tightening the anchor bolts 85, operation of the machine may be immediately resumed with assurancethat the operative [relation between the punch and the heading dies is the same as before. It willbe noted that in the readjustment just referred to it has not been necessary to make any readjustment of the punch or the actuating mechanism connecting it to the power shaft; On the contrary, in the embodiment of the invention vshown in'the drawings no provision is made for at any time adjusting the operative relation bet-ween the ram and its actuating mechanism, all adjustment being confined to the heading die end of the machine. It is to be understobd that certain broad features of the inventionmay be contemplated in disregard of the specific construction of the punch actuating mechanism.

Since certain changes may be made in the above construction and different embodiments of the'invention could be made without departing from the scope thereof, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawing shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

It is also to be understood that the following claims are intended to cover all of the generic and specific features of the invention herein described, and all statements of the scope of the invention which, as a matter of language, might be said to fall therebetween.

Having described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

1. A header of the open die multiple blow type including, in combination, a reciprocal ram having a bearing on which bears the shiftable punch holder carrying the punches, and mechanism adapted to reciprocate said ram including a 'pitman pin operatively connected to the ram, rigid material of said ram integrally extending from said pitman pin to said bearing to transmit the thrust, said pitman pin bearing peripherally against a rigid part of the ramwhich is integral with the ram face which receives the thrust of said punch holder, the integral sides of the ram surrounding said pin and extending rearwardly to form the wall of a pitmanreceiving opening registering with the bearing opening for said pin, said pin filling said and a 'prtman having forbearing opening, wardly projecting bearing straps spaced apart axially of said pin connected by a pitman face bearing on the rear of said pin.

2. A header of the open die multiple blow type including, I in combination, a reciprocal ram having a bearing on which bears the shiftable punch holder carrying the punches, and mechanism adapted to reciprocate said ram including a pitman pin operatively. connected to the ram, rigid ma terial of said ram integrally extending from said pitman pin to said bearing to trans mit the thrust, said pitman pin bearing peripherally against a rigid part of the ram which is integral with the ram face which receives the thrust of said punch holder, the integral sides of the ram surrounding said pin and extending rearwardly to form the wall of a pitman receiving opening registering with the bearing opening for said pin, said pin filling said bearing opening, and a pitman having forwardly projecting bearing straps spaced apart axially of said pin connected by a pitman face bearing on the rear of said pin, said straps and said pi'tinan face having an integral removable lining bushing.

3. A header of the open die type includ ing, in combination, a reciprocal ram carrying the punch, a die block, a stationary abutment, a transversely adjustably movable backing block intermediate said abutment and die block, and adjustable releasable means adapted to clamp said elements together and to said abutment, said backing block having front and rear faces at different distances from each other longitudinally of the thrust, an adjustably movable auxiliary backing block and a (he cap adjustably movable with said auxiliary block and trans versely movable toward and from the heading die. o

i. A header of the open die type including, in combination, a reciprocal ram carrying the punch, a die block, a stationary abutment, a transversely adjustably movable backing block intermediate said abutment and die block, and adjustable, releasable means adapted to clamp said elements to gether and to said abutment, said backing block having its front and rear faces inclined to each other, one of said faces being inclined longitudinally of the thrust and in contact with a parallel face of a next adjacent backing member, an adjustably mov able auxiliary backing block and a die cap separable from said auxiliary block, said cap and auxiliary block having tongue and groove engagement to cause their joint longitudinal adjusting movement.

5. A header of the open die type inc ud ing, in combination, a reciprocal ram c ing the punch, a hinged die cap adapted for adjustable movement longitudinally of the thrust of the punch, heading die backing a ljustable in length in continuous degree i eluding a backing block adjustably movable longitudinally of the thrust, said cap aN-L backing block including the one a transverse groove and the other a transverse tongue en gaging said groove,

6. A header of the open die type inch ing, in combination, a reciprocal ram ea ing the punch, heading die backing adjust able in length in continuous degree and a die cap, adapted for movement into and out of operative position, adjustable longitudinally of the thrust of the punch by adjustment of the length of said backing.

7. A header of the open die type including, in combination, a reciprocal punch, stock advancing means, a set or heading dies movable apart to receive the stock therebetween, one of said dies being movable to shear the stock, and a power actuated reciprocal die moving member having a finger engaging a longitudinal groove in the heading die which shears the stock to couple the die for movement by said'member in the direction opposite to its shearing movement.

8. A header of the open die type including, in combination, a reciprocal punch, stock advancing means, a set of heading dies movable apart to receive the stock therebetween, one of said dies being movable to shear the stock, and a pair of power actuated reciprocal. die moving members between which. one of said dies lies having coupling fingers engaging supplemental grooves in the latter die.

9. A header of the open die type including, in combination, a reciprocal punch, stock advancing means, a set of heading dies movable apart to receive the stock therebetween, one of said dies being movable to shear the stock, a reciprocally slidable plate on which one of said dies rests, said plate and latter die having grooves opposite each other, a removable key lying in the conjoint recess formed by said grooves and coupling said die for movement with said plate, and means adapted to reciprocate said plate transversely of the path'of the stock.

10. A header of the open die type including, in combination, a reciprocal punch, stock advancing means, a set of heading dies movable apart to receive the stock therebetween, one of said dies being movable to shear the stock, a plunger power reciprocated transversely of the path of thestock having a tie plate removably connected thereto reciprocal therewith, means removably connecting said plate and last mentioned die adapted to cause positive reciprocation of said latter die with said tic plate, said plate being adjustably movable transversely of the reciprocal path of the plunger.

11. A header of the open die type including, in combination, a reciprocal punch, stock advancing means, a set of heading dies movable apart to receive the stock therebetween, one of said dies being movable to shear the stock, a pair of power actuated reciprocal plungers, a rigid head removabl y secured to the ends of said plungers, a pair of tie plates removably coupled to said head for reciprocal movement therewith, said last mentioned die being removably coupled to and between said plates for positive reciprocal movement therewith.

12. A header of the open die'type including, in combination, a reciprocal punch, stock advancing means, a set of heading dies movable apart to receive the stock therebetween, one of said dies being movable to shear the stock, a pair of power actuated reciprocal plunger-s, a rigid head. removably secured to the ends of said plungers, a pair of tie plates roiuovably coupled to said head for reciprocal movement therewith, said last mentioned die being removably coupled to and between said plates for positive recililrocal movement therewith, a die cap, adapted to restabove one of said plates, ad-

justable longitudinally of the thrust, one of said plates being adjustable with said cap and relative to said head.

13. A header of the open die type including, in combination, a reciprocal. punch, stock advancing means, a set of heading dies, means adapted to move said dies transversely of the thrust of said punch from stock receiving to punching position and return and toward and from each other, means adapted to cooperate with one of said dies to shear the stock, a die block, means adapted to support said die block against the thrust of said punch, a reciprocal heavy ram, apunch holder shiftably bearing on said ram and carrying said punch, means adapt ed to shift said holder transversely of the movement of said ram and in timed relation therewith, mechanism adapted to reciprocate said ram including a pitman pin operatively connected to the'ram, rigid material of said ram integrally extending from said pitman, pin to said bearing for said punch holder, said pitman pin bearing peripherally against a rigid part of said ram which is integral with the ram face which receives the thrust of said punch holder, said die block supporting means including die block backing the length of which is adjustable in continuous degree.

14. A header of the open die type including, in combination, a reciprocal punch, stock advancing means,a set of heading dies, means adapted to move said dies transversely of the thrust of said punch from stock receiving to punching position and return and toward and from each other, a shear die adapted to cooperate with one of said dies to shear the stock, a die block, means adapted to support said die block against the thrust of said punch, a reciprocal heavy ram, a punch holder shiftably bearing on said ram and carrying said punch, means adapt-ed to shiftsa'id holder transversely of the movement of said ram and in timed re lation therewith, mechanism adapted to reciprocate said ram including a pitman pin operatively connected to the ram, rigid material of said ram integrally extending from said pitman pin to said bearing for said punch holder, said pitman pin bearing peripherally against a rigid part of said ram which is integral with the ram face which receives the thrust of said punch holder, said die block supporting means including die block backing adjustable in length and including a pair of thrust taking backing members relative adjustment between which transversely of said thrust is adapted to adjust the length ol? said backing and the position of said shear die.

15. A header of the open die type including, in combination, a reciprocal punch, stock advancing means, a set of heading dies, means adapted to move said diestransversely of the thrust of said punch from stock receiving to punching position and return and toward and from each other, an operatively stationary shear die adapted to cooperate with one oi said heading dies to shear the stock, a die block, means adapted to support said die block against the thrust of said punch, a reciprocal heavy ram, a punch holder shift-- ably bearing on said ram and carrying said punch, means adapted to shift said holder transversely of the movement of said ram and in timed relation therewith, mechanism adapted to reciprocate said ram including a pitman pin operatively connected to the ram, .rigid material of said ram integrally extending from said pitman pin to said hearing for said punchholder, said pitman pin bearing peripherally against a rigid part of said ram which is integral with the ram face which receives the thrust of said punch holder, said die moving means including a memher power actuated to separate one heading die from the other at predetermined intervals.

16. A header of the open die type includ-,

ing, in combination, a reciprocal punch, stock advancing means, a set of heading dies, means adapted to more said dies transversely of the thrust of said punch from stock receiving to punching positionv and return and toward and from each other, means adapted to cooperate with one of said dies to shear the stock, a die block, means adapted to support said die block against the thrust of said punch, a reciprocal heavy ram, a punch holder shittably bearing on. said ram and carrying said punch, means adapted to shift said holder transversely of the movement of said ram and in timed relation therewith, mechanism adapted toreciprocate said ram including a pitman pin operatively connected to the ram, rigid material of said ram integrally extending from said pitman pin to said bearing for said punch holder, said pitman pin bearing peripherally against a rigid part of said ram which is integral with the ram face which receives the thrust of said punch holder, said die moving means including a power actuated reciprocal member having a linger engaging a groove in the heading die which shears the stock to couple the latter die for 

